Wi-Fi Generations
Wi-Fi has evolved through several generations, each improving speed, efficiency, and connectivity:
- Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac): Operates mainly on the 5GHz band, offering faster speeds and support for MU-MIMO (multi-user, multiple input, multiple output).
- Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax): Works on both 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands, with better speed, range, and capacity. Introduces OFDMA and improved MU-MIMO for more efficient multi-device communication.
AC vs AX Router Naming
Router models often include prefixes like AC or AX, followed by a number that indicates the theoretical maximum bandwidth across all bands. The numbers below represent combined theoretical throughput, not actual per-device speeds.
Model | Wi-Fi Gen | Max Speed (Approx.) | Notes |
AC1200 | Wi-Fi 5 | 300 Mbps (2.4GHz) + 867 Mbps (5GHz) | Entry-level dual-band |
AX1500 | Wi-Fi 6 | 300 Mbps (2.4GHz) + 1200 Mbps (5GHz) | Basic Wi-Fi 6 features |
AX1800 | Wi-Fi 6 | 600 Mbps (2.4GHz) + 1200 Mbps (5GHz) | Better performance |
AX3000 | Wi-Fi 6 | 600 Mbps (2.4GHz) + 2400 Mbps (5GHz) | High-end, ideal for gaming/streaming |
What is MU-MIMO?
MU-MIMO stands for Multi-User, Multiple Input, Multiple Output. It allows a router to communicate with multiple devices simultaneously, rather than one at a time. This improves network efficiency and reduces wait time for devices.
- Without MU-MIMO: Devices take turns communicating with the router.
- With MU-MIMO: Multiple devices can receive data at the same time, improving performance in busy households or offices.
Wi-Fi 5 introduced MU-MIMO for downlink (router to device), while Wi-Fi 6 supports MU-MIMO for both uplink and downlink, making it more efficient.
What is Band Steering?
Band Steering is a feature that automatically guides devices to connect to the best available frequency band—typically steering capable devices from the slower 2.4GHz band to the faster 5GHz band.
- Why It Matters: Many devices default to 2.4GHz, which is more congested and slower. Band steering helps optimize performance by balancing device load across bands.
- How It Works: The router detects device capabilities and signal strength, then nudges devices toward the optimal band without requiring manual switching.
- Ideal Use Case: Homes or offices with mixed devices (smartphones, laptops, IoT) benefit from smoother performance and reduced interference.
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